云南不同烟区片烟醇化过程色度及主要化学成分变化特征研究

研究云南不同烟区片烟醇化过程中外观颜色以及内在化学物质变化差异,为云南烟区醇化片烟的使用提供理论依据。取云南3个产区片烟进行醇化,对比分析其在醇化过程中的颜色以及内在化学物质变化差异。不同产区片烟在醇化过程中色差值L、b与总糖、总氮、烟碱呈现逐渐下降趋势,云南文山片烟色差值L、色差值b、总糖、总氮下降幅度大于云南保山与云南大理;还原糖与质体色素降解产物先上升后下降,云南大理峰值出现时间晚于云南保山与云南文山;色度值R、苯丙氨酸降解产物、西柏烷类降解产物、棕色化产物逐渐上升,不同产区变化幅度表现为云南文山>云南保山>云南大理。云南文山片烟在醇化过程中,片烟的外观颜色与内在化学物质变化幅度更大,达到最佳醇化期所需时间少于云南大理与云南保山。     

固态发酵醋糟饲料对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究固态发酵醋糟饲料(SFVD)对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。选择体况相近[(59.04±0.33)kg]的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长育肥猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%的SFVD。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪平均日采食量(ADFI)具有一定的促进趋势(P=0.056);显著降低了育肥猪饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.05),对粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率有一定的促进趋势(P=0.052);显著提高了育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.055和P=0.077);显著提高了育肥猪粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.05),粪便中甲酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.071和P=0.054)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪生长性能、肠道健康及免疫性能的提高具有潜在的促进作用。     

棉花幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应与耐盐机理

为探究不同耐盐性棉花品种幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应特征,以棉花耐盐品种中9806和盐敏感品种中S9612为材料,采用水培法,设置4个NaCl浓度梯度(0、100、150、200 mmol·L^-1)来模拟不同强度盐胁迫条件。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,各棉花品种的可溶性糖(SS)含量上升,抗氧化酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势;盐处理下,耐盐品种可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加量高于盐敏感品种;S1处理(100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)中盐敏感品种丙二醛积累量较低,但在S2和S3处理(150、200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)中,耐盐品种丙二醛含量增幅(5.35%~6.83%)低于盐敏感品种(36.93%~77.34%),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加量较大;低盐浓度(S1处理)下,盐敏感品种地上部分能够保持较少的Na⁺,高盐浓度(S2和S3处理)下,耐盐品种根中Na⁺增加量小于盐敏感品种,茎中K⁺、K⁺/Na⁺较高。综上表明,耐盐品种棉花通过增强渗透调节,提高抗氧化酶活性缓解膜脂过氧化,维持较高K⁺/Na⁺,从而提高棉花幼苗的耐盐性。     

球菊的抗氧化活性成分研究

通过醇提法提取新鲜球菊抗氧化性有效成分。以芦丁为参照品、硝酸铝为显色剂测定黄酮含量。通过测定三价铁离子的还原能力和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率检测黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,当固液比为1∶35时,用95%乙醇在50℃条件下浸提球菊4 h时,黄酮含量达到最高(7.61 mg/g);球菊醇提物对Fe~(3+)有较强的还原能力,并能够较好地清除DPPH自由基。本研究结果可为今后开发球菊抗氧化活性成分提供参考。     

鸡粪及其配施尿素对甜瓜香味物质、酶活性及基因表达的影响

为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实香气物质合成及关键酶的影响,以薄皮甜瓜"DX108"为试材,以尿素为氮源的处理作为对照(CK),研究等量氮素条件下,鸡粪及其与尿素配施处理对甜瓜果实香气物质以及相关酶活性变化的影响,并分析了乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和醇酰基转移酶(AAT)基因的表达水平。结果表明:不同处理对薄皮甜瓜香气物质合成、相关酶活性以及关键酶基因表达的影响存在明显差异;尿素处理促进了甜瓜果实中C6和C9醇醛类化合物的合成,而鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施提高了成熟果实中酯类物质含量和种类,尤其是乙酸酯类含量;鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量,且是尿素处理花后35 d甜瓜果实中非乙酸酯类物质含量的3.1倍,还检测到了尿素处理果实中没有检测到的特征性酯类物质;鸡粪和鸡粪配施尿素处理提高了花后25～30 d果实中LOX酶、氨基转移酶、ADH酶以及AAT酶活性,降低了花后35 d果实中ADH酶活性,抑制了30 d后果实中CmADH1和ADH2的基因表达,而促进了CmAAT1和CmAAT3基因表达。由此可知,鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施有可能是通过调节果实不同发育期香味物质合成途径中关键酶活性的协调变化以及关键酶基因表达,影响了果实香气物质的合成,尤其是酯类物质的合成。     

机械损伤及埋土深度对杉木萌蘖及抗氧化酶活性的影响

  目的  研究分析机械损伤处理下杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata无性系萌蘖能力与抗氧化酶活性的相关关系，从酶活性代谢生理角度阐述杉木萌蘖机制，为解决杉木无性系萌蘖问题提供理论依据。  方法  以杉木无性系洋020的1年生扦插苗为材料，通过盆栽试验，设置去顶和未去顶处理，0、3、6 cm埋土深度处理，在萌蘖初期、中期、后期分别取样，观测无性系萌蘖状况，通过酶活吸光度方法测定杉木无性系萌蘖过程中枝叶、基部韧皮部、根尖等不同器官超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性差异，并进行相关性分析。  结果  随着埋土深度的增加，去顶和未去顶不同埋土深度杉木无性系苗萌蘖能力均呈降低的趋势，且不同埋土深度处理会影响植物的抗氧化酶的活性。随着埋土深度的增加，杉木幼苗枝叶SOD活性呈上升趋势，CAT活性呈下降趋势；埋土6 cm处理有利于增强枝叶及根尖POD的活性。  结论  机械损伤和不同埋土深度对杉木无性萌蘖有一定的影响；同一埋土深度，去顶处理杉木无性系的萌蘖能力高于未去顶处理。不同器官植物抗氧化酶活性是影响杉木无性系机械损伤和不同埋土深度处理萌蘖的主要影响因子之一。图3表3参18     

硫酸锰溶液处理对玉米种子抗氧化酶活性的影响

Two kinds of corn were used as materials,changes of SOD,CAT,POD and MDA Contents after Germination of maize seeds in five different concentrations of manganese sulphate were studied.The results show that the content of MDA was significantly different among different varieties,difference was very significant compared with control.The activities of antioxidant enzymes of HuangJinNuo 1 first increased then decreased after treated with manganese sulfate,while that of YinLong BaiYuNou continuous elevation,the resistance of Maize after manganese sulphate increased during germination.     

Characterization of Spray-Dried Hydrolyzed Proteins from Pink Perch Meat Added with Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic

In the present study, spray-dried pink perch meat protein hydrolysate (PPH) and hydrolysate with maltodextrin and gum arabic (PPHMG) were characterized in relation to their physical, rheological, functional, antioxidant, thermal, and sensory properties. The Herschel–Bulkley model was suitable to explain the flow behavior of PPH and PPHMG emulsions. Both the samples exhibited functional and antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities were significantly higher for PPH compared with PPHMG (p<0.05). PPH and PPHMG alone did not exhibit antimicrobial activity but enhanced the activity of chitosan against pathogens. Sensory acceptability of the samples in soup revealed that PPHMG of up to 4% was highly scored without any traces of bitterness, whereas for PPH, a concentration of up to 3% was acceptable.     

Oxidative Stability of Common Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) Oil Supplemented with Microwave Extracted Ghure (Unripe Grape) Marc Extract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave extracted Ghure (unripe grape) marc extract on common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) oil oxidation during accelerated storage. The antioxidant activity of Ghure marc extract was compared with those of α-tocopherol and BHT. The Ghure marc extract significantly reduced the peroxide and p-anisidine value of kilka oil. Even though the effect of Ghure marc extract on reducing the oxidation of kilka oil was similar to the effect of BHT, it was functionally more effective than α-tocopherol. Generally, Ghure marc extract could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants, with inexpensive costs, for improving the oxidative stability of kilka oil.

Abbreviations: AA, Antioxidant activity; AOP, Antioxidant power; AV, p-Anisidine value; CUPRAC, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; FIC, Ferrous ion chelating; GME, Ghure marc extract; FRAP, Ferrous ion reducing antioxidant power; KO, Kilka oil; IP, Induction period; MAE, Microwave-assisted extraction; MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid; PV, peroxide value; PF, Protection factor; RSA, Radical scavenging activity; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; TFC, Total flavonoid content; TPC, total phenolic content TV, totox value.     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.